Secondary predicates
A secondary predicate describes a participant during, after, or as a result of the main event.
- Instrumental is common and productive; agreeing nominative forms also occur with subject-oriented depictives, with differences in construction, focus, and style.
| Construction | Example | Target |
|---|---|---|
| subject result/state | Он верну́лся уста́вшим. | он; instrumental |
| subject depictive | Он пришёл пе́рвый. | subject-oriented ordinal/adjective |
| object result | Его́ нашли́ живы́м. | его́; instrumental |
| object evaluation | Мы счита́ем зада́чу тру́дной. | зада́чу; instrumental |
| appointment | Его́ избра́ли но́вым дире́ктором. | его́; role phrase |
Read the model
3.14 · Secondary predicates · table 1
subject result/state · Он верну́лся уста́вшим. · он; instrumentalsubject depictive · Он пришёл пе́рвый. · subject-oriented ordinal/adjectiveMini-check
Identify target: Мы нашли́ две́рь откры́той. Build: They considered the method useful.
Apply this next
- Say the Russian examples aloud, cover the model, and retrieve the pattern once before continuing.