1.01 ยท Practice ready Type I / Class I endings 0 of 10 lessons complete
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Lesson 4 of 10

Vowel-final and consonant-final present stems

Use the present stem, not the infinitive’s appearance alone, to understand -ю/-у and -ют/-ут.

A vowel-final stem such as чита- gives читаю. A consonant-final stem can take -у or -ю according to its spelling and softness. Learn the verified present stem instead of assuming that every verb is made by removing -ть.

  • The visible infinitive is only a starting clue.
  • The present stem is the useful form-building base.
  • Softness can also affect whether ю appears.
Worked example

Why колоть becomes колю

The person ending is attached to the verified present stem, not to the pronoun я.

колоть → present stem кол-1st-person singular ending: -юкол- + -ю → колю
Mini-check

Which base should guide a finite present form?

More detail: stem softness

A technical analysis can mark the final consonant as soft. Beginner notation does not need special phonological symbols: the useful written build is кол- + -ю → колю.

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