Spatial prototypes
Use a spatial image as an anchor without mistaking it for a complete translation.
Into, out, arrival, departure, across, and path meanings provide conceptual anchors. Abstract uses still require lexical learning.
- в-/во-: into
- вы-: out
- при-: arrival
- у-: departure
- пере-: across
- по-: construction-dependent start/limit/motion
| Prefix | Spatial anchor | Important caution |
|---|---|---|
| в-/во- | into | Meaning depends on base and construction |
| вы- | out | Can develop non-spatial lexical senses |
| при- | arrival / attachment | Not a single English translation |
| у- | departure / removal | Aspect and lexical meaning can combine |
| пере- | across / transfer | Can also mean redo or excess |
| по- | start / limited duration / motion | Several construction-specific meanings |
Mini-check